近年来,北京全面落实首都城市战略定位,“四个中心”功能建设全面提速,“四个服务”水平显著提高。在贯彻新发展理念,践行高水平开放高质量发展的过程中,涌现了一大批北京市民耳熟能详的关键词。
这些Keywords究竟是什么含义?有哪些推进城市精细化管理和优化营商环境的具体措施?外资外企和国际组织如何参与?与民生福祉的不断改善有什么关系?向关注北京发展的外国朋友们介绍时该怎么说?
让我们一起来看看。
功能定位
1 “四个中心”
Four centers
“四个中心”是首都城市战略定位,即全国政治中心、文化中心、国际交往中心、科技创新中心。
This refers to the capital’s strategic position as the national political center, cultural center, center for international exchanges and center for national innovation.
2 “四个服务”
Four services
“四个服务”是中央对首都工作的基本要求,也是做好首都工作的根本职责所在,即为中央党、政、军领导机关的工作服务,为国家的国际交往服务,为科技和教育发展服务,为改善人民群众生活服务。
These are the basic requirements of the central government for the capital as well as the fundamental duty of the capital. The “four services” refers to supporting departments and institutions of the CPC, the central government and military headquarters, facilitating international exchanges, developing science, technology and education, and working to better people’s life.
3 “一核两翼”
One core and two wings
The roles of the capital, the BMC and Xiong’an in BTH development
“一核”就是要充分发挥北京在京津冀协同发展中的核心引领作用,把有序疏解北京非首都功能、优化提升首都功能、解决北京“大城市病”问题作为首要任务,在推动非首都功能疏解的同时,大力推进内部功能重组,引领带动京津冀协同发展。
“两翼”就是北京城市副中心与河北雄安新区共同构成北京新的两翼,整体谋划、深化合作、取长补短、错位发展。努力形成北京城市副中心与河北雄安新区比翼齐飞的新格局。
Beijing will play a central role as a leader in the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. In order to enhance its capacity as the national capital, functions non-essential to this role will be cut down and issues associated with megacities will be addressed. In this process, the retained functions will be reorganized in a way that will put Beijing in a better position to lead development in the BTH region.
The Beijing Municipal Administrative Center (BMC) and the Xiong’an New Area, each with its own development priorities, will constitute the wings of Beijing. They will draw on each other’s strengths and pursue development through coordinated planning and close collaboration.
4 “一核一主一副、两轴多点一区”
The core zone, the central area and the BMC; two axes, multiple new towns and an eco-zone
Key elements in Beijing’s spatial planning
“一核一主一副、两轴多点一区”是指《北京城市总体规划(2016年一2035年)》中确定的北京城市空间结构。“一核”指首都功能核心区;“一主”指中心城区,包括东城区,西城区、朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区、石景山区;“一副”指城市副中心;“两轴”指中轴线及其延长线、长安街及其延长线;“多点”指5个位于平原地区的新城,包括顺义、大兴、亦庄、昌平、房山新城;“一区”指生态涵养区,包括门头沟区、平谷区、怀柔区、密云区、延庆区,以及昌平区和房山区的山区。
These constitute the spatial layout of the city captured in the Beijing Municipal Master Plan (2016-2035). The “core zone” is the very center of the city where most of its national capital functions are located. The “central area” refers to the main city districts, including Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan. The BMC is the Municipal Administrative Center. The “two axes” refers to the Central Axis and Chang’an Avenue and their extensions. Five new towns will be developed in the flatlands of Shunyi, Daxing, Yizhuang, Changping and Fangshan. There is also “an eco-zone”, which refers to the ecological conservation zone covering the outlying districts of Mentougou, Pinggu, Huairou, Miyun, Yanqing, and the mountainous areas in Changping and Fangshan.
创新治理
5 “疏解整治促提升专项行动”
Special program for urban improvement
2017年开始实施,包括治理违法建设、占道经营、城乡结合部整治改造、老旧小区综合整治、中心城区重点区域整治提升、疏解一般制造业和“散乱污”企业治理、疏解区域性专业市场、疏解部分公共服务功能等。后进一步向背街小巷整治、美丽乡村建设延伸,并新加入地区公共服务提升等内容。
This suite of initiatives began in 2017. Actions have been taken to remove illegal structures and clear out unlicensed businesses in public spaces. Redevelopment is carried out in peri-urban zones and run-down residential areas. General manufacturing industries are moved out. Off-plan, unlicensed and polluting enterprises are closed down. Specialized regional markets are relocated, and public services are more efficiently distributed. This program now also includes environmental improvements in urban backstreets and rural areas, and public service enhancements in some parts of the city.
6 “接诉即办”
Swift response to public complaints
“接诉即办”是以12345市民服务热线为主渠道的群众诉求快速响应机制。将群众诉求直派街道乡镇,以响应率、解决率、满意率为考核指标,切实增强人民群众的获得感、幸福感和安全感。
Under this mechanism, public complaints received mainly through the 12345 hotline are quickly directed to the sub-district/township governments concerned which are then obliged to take swift actions in response. Their performance is evaluated by the rate of response, percentage of cases resolved and degree of public satisfaction. The mechanism is designed to increase people’s satisfaction with government service.
7 “街乡吹哨、部门报到”
Quick answer to community calls
“街乡吹哨、部门报到”是探索党建引领基层治理的一项体制机制创新。通过切实赋予街道乡镇更多自主权,推动重心下移、力量下沉,建立基层治理的应急机制、服务群众的响应机制、打通抓落实“最后一公里”的工作机制。
A CPC-guided institutional innovation, this mechanism aims at improving governance and empowering governments at the sub-district/township level. Sub-district/township offices may request competent government departments to address pressing local issues. More government resources and manpower are brought down to the sub-district and community levels to meet people’s needs. This mechanism for quick response to emergencies and complaints helps close the “last mile” gap in government service delivery.
营商环境
8 “办成一件事”主题
“All-In-One-Go” government services
将企业和群众办理“一件事”涉及的多个审批事项,按照受理条件、时限、流程、要件材料等进行集成优化,采取“集成套餐、政务专员”的服务形式,实现办事“上一网、填一表、进一窗、找一人、办一次”。政府官网提供办事指南的查询、咨询、申报、办理等服务。
The procedures for individuals and businesses to access public services and get approvals are simplified and integrated based on case conditions, time limit, workflow and documents required. Services are easily accessed on one website or at one service window, by filling in one form, and contacting one government representative all in a single visit. The government’s official website offers information on applications, accepts inquiries and processes applications online, among others.
9 “好差评”制度
"Check box" public evaluation of government services
“好差评”制度是指政府服务绩效由企业和群众来评判的制度。在各级政务服务机构、各类政务服务平台全部开展“好差评”,形成评价、反馈、整改、监督全流程衔接,社会各界广泛评价、政府部门及时改进的良性互动局面,促进政务服务质量持续提升。
The "check box" performance evaluation allows businesses and individuals to rate government services. All government agencies and public service platforms are subject to such evaluation, and must respond to feedback, make necessary corrections and accept oversight. This system is designed to improve government services on an on-going basis by creating positive interactions between the government agencies and the people they serve.
10 中国国际服务贸易交易会
China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS)
前身是中国(北京)国际服务贸易交易会,是全球第一个专门为服务贸易搭建的国家级、国际性、综合型交易平台,也是全球唯一涵盖WTO界定的12大类服务贸易领域的综合型进出口交易平台。2019年3月更名为“中国国际服务贸易交易会”,会期由两年一办改为每年举办。
CIFTIS, formerly known as the “China (Beijing) International Fair for Trade in Services”, is the first global comprehensive trading platform sponsored by any country dedicated to trade in services. To date, it is the world’s only import and export fair that covers all the 12 services sectors on the WTO sectoral classification list. It was renamed “China International Fair for Trade in Services” in March 2019 and has since been held annually instead of once every two years.
11 国际人才社区
International talent communities
国际人才社区以国际人才需求为导向,是有海外氛围、有多元文化、有创新事业、有宜居生活、有服务保障的特色区域,从而让国际人才引得进、留得住、用得好。
These communities are designed to attract international talent to live and work in the city. They are residential areas that have a cosmopolitan ambiance, cultural diversity and a full range of amenities and services, in an environment that encourages entrepreneurship.
基层民生
12 “回天有我”
"Count-Me-In" voluntary service initiative in the Huilongguan and Tiantongyuan areas
“回天有我”是在“回天地区”三年行动计划推进过程中探索形成的共建共治共享的社会治理创新模式,即以解决“回天地区”基层社会治理问题为主要任务,构建和谐幸福美好新家园为目标,体现了人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的治理理念。
This initiative was launched during the period of the Three-year Action Plan for Improving Public Services and Infrastructure in Tiantongyuan and Huilongguan Areas (2018-2020). It has since evolved into an innovative model of social governance where everyone can participate. “Count-Me-In” is designed to address community issues and build a harmonious society where everyone takes responsibility, does their share, and enjoys the benefits.
13 “百村示范、千村整治”工程
The 100+1,000 village program
该工程由北京市于2019年确定,将在三年内创建100个左右“乡村振兴示范村”,引领乡村振兴战略稳步实施;同时,每年推进1000个左右村环境整治和美丽乡村建设工作,全面提升农村人居环境水平。
Beijing launched this program in 2019 to turn around 100 villages into models for rural prosperity within three years and improve the environment for about 1,000 villages each year, so as to create better living conditions for rural residents.
科技文化
14 “三城一区”
Three science cities and one hi-tech area
即中关村科学城、怀柔科学城、未来科学城和北京经济技术开发区,是北京加强全国科技创新中心建设的主平台。
This refers to Zhongguancun Science City, Huairou Science City, Beijing Future Science Park and Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, which serve as major platforms for building Beijing into a national innovation center.
15 “一核一城三带两区”
Core values, a city, three belts and two zones
Main Focuses of Beijing’s cultural initiatives
北京市明确建设全国文化中心要重点抓好"一核一城三带两区",即以培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观为引领,以历史文化名城保护为根基,以大运河文化带、长城文化带、西山永定河文化带为抓手,推动公共文化服务体系示范区和文化创意产业发展引领区建设。
These are the priorities for Beijing as it positions itself to be the national cultural center. The core values refer to the values of the socialist society, which guide everything we do. Beijing, as a historical and cultural city, has an enormous heritage that must be protected. This includes, among others, the three cultural belts, namely the Grand Canal, the Great Wall and the Western Hill-Yongding River. On this basis, two zones will be developed, namely the public cultural services demonstration zone and the pioneer zone for cultural and creative industries.
16 “三山五园”
Three hills and five gardens
“三山五园”是对北京西北郊、以清代皇家园林为代表的历史文化遗产的统称。“三山”是指万寿山、香山、玉泉山,“五园”是指颐和园、静宜园、静明园、畅春园、圆明园。
This refers to a group of historical and cultural heritage sites in the northwest suburbs of Beijing, represented by imperial gardens of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The “three hills” refers to the Longevity Hill, the Fragrance Hills and the Jade Spring Hill. The “five gardens” refers to the Summer Palace, the Garden of Tranquility and Pleasure (Jingyi Garden), the Garden of Tranquility and Brightness (Jingming Garden), the Garden of Everlasting Spring (Changchun Garden) and the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park.
17 “共生院”
Traditional courtyard houses redeveloped for mixed-use
“共生院”由部分腾退后仍有原住民居住的混居杂院改造而成,在拆除违法建设恢复院落空间的前提下,将四合院传统空间布局同现代居住功能相结合,切实改善居民居住生活条件,实现建筑共生、居民共生、文化共生。
These are redeveloped courtyard houses that have been partially vacated, where illegal add-ons are removed and traditional courtyard layout restored. Modern facilities are installed to improve living conditions. This will bring together old and new architectures, original and new residents, as well as traditional and modern cultures.