建设一个共同发展的公正世界
——在二十国集团领导人第十九次峰会第一阶段会议关于“抗击饥饿与贫困”议题的讲话
（2024年11月18日，里约热内卢）
中华人民共和国主席 习近平
尊敬的卢拉总统，
各位同事：
很高兴来到里约热内卢出席二十国集团领导人峰会。感谢卢拉总统和巴西政府对中国代表团的热情接待。
当今世界百年变局加速演进，人类发展面临的机遇和挑战前所未有。作为世界主要大国领导人，我们应该不畏浮云遮望眼，秉持命运共同体意识，扛起历史责任，展现历史主动，推动历史进步。
我曾在二十国集团领导人峰会上提出，世界繁荣稳定不可能建立在贫者愈贫、富者愈富的基础之上，各国应该推动更加包容、更加普惠、更有韧性的全球发展。中国主办二十国集团领导人杭州峰会时，首次将发展议题放到宏观经济政策协调的中心位置，发布《二十国集团落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划》和《二十国集团支持非洲和最不发达国家工业化倡议》。这次里约热内卢峰会把“构建公正的世界和可持续的星球”作为主题，把“消除饥饿贫困”作为首要议题，并决定成立“抗击饥饿与贫困全球联盟”。从杭州到里约热内卢，我们都致力于同一个目标，即建设一个共同发展的公正世界。
为了建设这样的世界，我们要在贸易投资、发展合作等领域增加资源投入、做强发展机构，多一些合作桥梁，少一些“小院高墙”，让越来越多发展中国家过上好日子、实现现代化。
为了建设这样的世界，我们要支持发展中国家采取可持续的生产和生活方式，妥善应对气候变化、生物多样性丧失、环境污染等挑战，建设生态文明，实现人与自然和谐共生。
为了建设这样的世界，我们要营造开放、包容、非歧视的国际经济合作环境，推动普惠包容的经济全球化，让新技术、新产业、新业态赋能可持续发展，支持发展中国家更好融入数字化、智能化、绿色化发展潮流，缩小南北差距。
为了建设这样的世界，我们要坚持多边主义，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序、以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则。
各位同事！
中国发展是全球共同发展的重要组成部分。中国已经实现8亿贫困人口全部脱贫，提前完成联合国2030年可持续发展议程的减贫目标。
这些成就不是天上掉下来的，而是中国政府和中国人民勠力同心、艰苦奋斗干出来的。中国始终坚持以人民为中心，庄严承诺“决不能落下一个贫困地区、一个贫困群众”。坚持精准扶贫，做到因村、因户、因人施策。坚持在经济发展中扶贫，积极引导人才、资金、技术向贫困地区流动。坚持在促进当地特色产业发展中扶贫，帮助贫困地区改善基础设施，因地制宜发展有“造血”功能的产业。坚持在促进共同富裕中扶贫，推动发达地区同欠发达地区“结对子”互助。我先后在中国的村、县、市、省、中央工作，扶贫是工作的一个重要内容，也是我立志要办成的一件大事。
中国脱贫历程表明，本着滴水穿石、一张蓝图绘到底的韧性、恒心和奋斗精神，发展中国家的贫困问题是可以解决的，弱鸟是可以先飞、高飞的。中国可以成功，其他发展中国家同样可以成功。这是中国成功打赢脱贫攻坚战的世界意义。
各位同事！
中国始终是“全球南方”的一员，是发展中国家可靠的长期合作伙伴，也是支持全球发展事业的行动派和实干家。中国不追求一枝独秀，更希望百花齐放，同广大发展中国家携手实现现代化。在这里，我愿宣布中国支持全球发展的八项行动。
第一，携手高质量共建“一带一路”。在新设立7000亿元人民币融资窗口、丝路基金新增资金800亿元人民币基础上，进一步建设立体互联互通网络，以绿色丝绸之路引领，为数字丝绸之路赋能。
第二，落实全球发展倡议。在已经开展1100多个发展项目基础上，建设好“全球南方”研究中心，继续用好200亿美元资金窗口支持发展中国家，深化减贫、粮食安全、数字经济等各领域务实合作。
第三，支持非洲发展。今年9月，我在中非合作论坛北京峰会上宣布了未来3年同非洲携手推进现代化的十大伙伴行动，并为此提供3600亿元人民币额度的资金支持。
第四，支持减贫和粮食安全国际合作。中方决定加入“抗击饥饿与贫困全球联盟”，支持继续举办二十国集团发展部长会，并将继续主办国际粮食减损大会。
第五，中国同巴西、南非、非盟共同发起“开放科学国际合作倡议”，推动全球科技创新成果更多惠及“全球南方”。
第六，支持二十国集团开展造福“全球南方”的务实合作，用好《增加向发展中国家清洁能源投资路线图》、《生物经济高级别原则》等成果，支持设在北京的二十国集团创业研究中心工作，支持各方在数字教育、博物馆数字化、古籍数字化等领域开展合作。
第七，落实二十国集团“反腐败行动计划”，同发展中国家加强追逃追赃、拒绝腐败避风港、反腐败能力建设等领域合作。
第八，中国将完善高水平对外开放体制机制，扩大对最不发达国家单边开放。中方已经宣布给予所有同中国建交的最不发达国家100%税目产品零关税待遇。从现在起到2030年，中国自发展中国家累计进口额有望超过8万亿美元。
各位同事！
中国人常说，千里之行，始于足下。中方愿同各方一道行动起来，建设一个共同发展的公正世界，让贫困成为过去，让美好愿景成为现实。
谢谢大家。
Building a Just World of Common Development
Remarks by H.E. Xi Jinping
President of the People’s Republic of China
On Fight Against Hunger and Poverty
At Session I of the 19th G20 Summit
Rio de Janeiro, November 18, 2024
Your Excellency President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,
Colleagues,
It gives me great pleasure to attend the G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro. I thank President Lula and the Brazilian government for the warm hospitality extended to the Chinese delegation.
Today, transformation of a scale not seen in a century is accelerating across the world. Humanity faces unprecedented opportunities and challenges. As leaders of major countries, we should not let our vision be blocked by fleeting clouds. Rather, we must see the world as one community with a shared future, and shoulder our responsibility for history, take historical initiative and move history forward.
I pointed out at this forum that prosperity and stability would not be possible in a world where the rich become richer while the poor are made poorer, and countries should make global development more inclusive, beneficial to all, and more resilient. At the Hangzhou Summit, China placed development at the center of the G20’s macroeconomic policy coordination for the first time, and the Summit adopted the G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries. The Rio Summit this year has chosen the theme “Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet.” It places fighting hunger and poverty at the top of the agenda, and decides to establish a Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty. From Hangzhou to Rio, we have been working for one and the same goal, that is, to build a just world of common development.
To build such a world, we need to channel more resources to such fields as trade, investment and development cooperation, and strengthen development institutions. There should be more bridges of cooperation, and less “small yard, high fences,” so that more and more developing countries will be better off and achieve modernization.
To build such a world, we need to support developing countries in adopting sustainable production and lifestyle, properly responding to challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental pollution, enhancing ecological conservation, and achieving harmony between man and nature.
To build such a world, we need an open, inclusive and non-discriminatory environment for international economic cooperation. We should promote a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, energize sustainable development with new technologies, new industries and new business forms, and support developing countries in better integrating in digital, smart and green development to bridge the North-South gap.
To build such a world, we need to stay committed to multilateralism. We should uphold the U.N.-centered international system, the international order underpinned by international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter.
Colleagues,
China’s development is an important part of the common development of the world. We have lifted 800 million people out of poverty, and met the poverty reduction target of the U.N.’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ahead of schedule.
This achievement did not just fall into our laps. It is the fruit of the strenuous, unified efforts of the Chinese government and people. Everything China does, it always places the people front and center, and it solemnly declares that “not a single poor region or person should be left behind.” To tackle poverty, we make targeted policies tailored to each village, each household and each person; we facilitate growth by vigorously channeling talent, funds and technologies to underdeveloped regions; we help localities generate growth by fostering industries with distinctive features and upgrading infrastructure, all in light of their own conditions; and we promote common prosperity by pairing up well-off regions with less developed ones. I have worked from village to county, city, provincial and central levels. Poverty alleviation has always been a priority and a major task I am determined to deliver.
China’s story is proof that developing countries can eliminate poverty, and that a weaker bird can start early and fly high, when there is the endurance, perseverance, and striving spirit that enables water drops to penetrate rocks over time and turns blueprints into reality. If China can make it, other developing countries can make it too. This is what China’s battle against poverty says to the world.
Colleagues,
China will always be a member of the Global South, a reliable long-term partner of fellow developing countries, and a doer and go-getter working for the cause of global development. A single flower does not make spring. China wants to see a hundred flowers in full blossom and will go hand in hand with fellow developing countries toward modernization. Today, I wish to outline China’s eight actions for global development.
First, pursuing high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. On top of RMB700 billion yuan added financing windows and an additional RMB80 billion yuan injection into the Silk Road Fund, China is moving ahead with the development of the multidimensional Belt and Road connectivity network, one that is led by the building of a green Silk Road and will empower a digital Silk Road.
Second, implementing the Global Development Initiative. On the basis of over 1,100 development projects already in operation, we will make sure the Global South research center that is being built is fit for purpose, and the US$20 billion of development funds will continue to be put to good use to support developing countries and deepen practical cooperation in areas such as poverty reduction, food security and the digital economy.
Third, supporting development in Africa. At the Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation held in September this year, I unveiled ten partnership actions on joining hands with Africa to advance modernization over the next three years and, in this connection, a commitment of RMB360 billion yuan in financial support.
Fourth, supporting international cooperation on poverty reduction and food security. China has decided to join the Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty. We support the G20 in continuing to convene the Development Ministerial Meeting, and will stay a committed host of the International Conference on Food Loss and Waste.
Fifth, China, alongside Brazil, South Africa and the African Union, is proposing an Initiative on International Cooperation in Open Science to help the Global South gain better access to global advances in science, technology and innovation.
Sixth, supporting the G20 in carrying out practical cooperation for the benefit of the Global South and using such outcomes as the Roadmap to Increase Investment in Clean Energy in Developing Countries and the High-Level Principles on Bioeconomy to good effect. China supports the work of the Entrepreneurship Research Center on G20 Economies based in Beijing, and supports cooperation on digital education and the digitization of museums and ancient archives.
Seventh, implementing the G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan. We are strengthening cooperation with fellow developing countries in fugitive repatriation and asset recovery, denial of safe haven, and anti-corruption capacity building.
Eighth, China is pursuing high-standard opening up, and unilaterally opening our doors wider to the least developed countries (LDCs). We have announced the decision to give all LDCs having diplomatic relations with China zero-tariff treatment for 100 percent tariff lines. From now to 2030, China’s imports from other developing countries are likely to top US$8 trillion.
Colleagues,
The Chinese often say, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step.” China is ready to take steps together with all parties to build a just world of common development, leave poverty in the past, and turn our vision into reality.
Thank you.
